When considering how RA affects the joints and why it produces some of the symptoms it does, it is important to recognize that no two people with RA are exactly alike. The severity of RA varies from person to person and joint to joint. Because of these differences it is often difficult to assess precisely how much joint damage is present.
What Is Inflammation?
Inflammation is a common but complicated process that our bodies experience as a response to injury or infection. Inflammation is actually part of the body’s immune system response to the injury or infection. Whenever we cut or burn ourselves, for example, inflammation occurs. Inflammation also occurs at the site of an infection (a person with bronchitis, for example, has inflamed bronchi, or airways). The symptoms and signs of inflammation are warmth, pain, redness, and swelling. The amount of inflammation involved is usually proportional to the severity of the injury or infection.
Under normal circumstances, unique white blood cells called lymphocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages strategically interact with one another to accomplish controlled inflammation. When the goal is fighting an infection, this team of cells works together to defend the body from the foreign invader causing the infection. They communicate with each other by messenger substances or signals called cytokines. In the process of fighting infection, cells produce noxious substances which cause the symptoms of inflammation. Again, under normal circumstances, after the infection is cleared, the cells retreat, and inflammation subsides. In these situations inflammatory cells are extremely useful in protecting the body. After an injury, the goal of these white blood cells is healing, and they work together to accomplish this goal.
Inflammation is usually self-limiting in that it goes away by itself after the infection is cleared from the body. As the infection goes away or the wound is healed and repaired, the signs of inflammation resolve as well.
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